Tubal ligation
Tubal ligation, also known as tubal sterilization, is a permanent contraceptive method that involves blocking or cutting the fallopian tubes to prevent the egg from meeting with the sperm. This procedure is chosen by women who no longer wish to have children and are looking for a permanent contraceptive solution. Here's everything you need to know about this method.
What is tubal ligation ?
Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure that aims to block the fallopian tubes, the tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. By blocking these tubes, the egg can no longer be fertilized by the sperm, which prevents pregnancy.
Who is it for ?
Tubal ligation is recommended for women who:
Do not want to have any more children.
Are looking for a permanent method of contraception.
Have contraindications to other methods of contraception (hormonal or not).
Want to avoid the side effects of hormonal contraceptives.
What techniques are used ?
Several techniques can be used to perform a tubal ligation:
Ligation and section: The tubes are cut and tied.
Clipping or ringing: Plastic or metal clips or rings are placed on the tubes to block them.
Electrocoagulation: The tubes are burned using an electric current.
Essure: A small metal prosthesis is inserted into the tubes to cause a scarring reaction and block them.
How does the procedure take place ?
Tubal ligation can be performed in two main ways. The first, laparoscopy, is the most common method. The surgeon makes small incisions in the abdomen to insert a camera and surgical instruments. This technique is minimally invasive and allows for a quick recovery, usually within 1 to 2 days. It is preferred for its simplicity and effectiveness.
The second method, laparotomy, involves making a larger incision in the abdomen. This approach is less common and is usually reserved for cases where another abdominal procedure is needed, such as during a cesarean section. Although more invasive, it is still an option for certain specific situations.
What type of anesthesia ?
The procedure is performed under general or epidural anesthesia and lasts approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour.
What are the advantages ?
Effectiveness: It is a definitive contraceptive method with a 99% success rate.
Comfort: Once the procedure is performed, the woman no longer needs to think about contraception.
No hormonal effects: Unlike the pill or the hormonal IUD, tubal ligation has no impact on hormones.
Speed: The procedure is short and recovery is generally quick.
What are the risks and disadvantages ?
Irreversibility: Tubal ligation is a definitive method. Although there are techniques to try to restore the patency of the tubes, they do not guarantee a return to fertility.
Surgical risks: Like any surgical procedure, it involves risks (infection, bleeding, reaction to anesthesia).
No protection against STIs: Tubal ligation does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Convalescence and postoperative care
Recovery: Recovery is usually quick (a few days to a week). Mild pain and vaginal bleeding may occur.
Follow-up: A postoperative consultation is necessary to check healing and ensure the effectiveness of the procedure.
In conclusion
Tubal ligation is a safe, effective and permanent method of contraception for women who no longer wish to have children. Although it is irreversible, it offers a practical and comfortable solution for those looking for non-hormone contraception. Before making a decision, it is essential to discuss with a gynecologist or surgeon to evaluate the benefits, risks and alternatives.